Ways of Forming New Words in a Language Essay Example

Methods of Forming New Words in a Language Paper Conceptual In the structure of the course Linguistics I, I am doled out to do a coursework regarding the matter of word arrangement. A presentation and meaning of the procedures utilized for the production of new words just as express models in excess of a language are incorporated. Language has become a significant issue everywhere throughout the present reality. It is a notable verifiable truth that all dialects are continually in a condition of progress. In etymology, word development is the formation of another word. Word arrangement is some of the time stood out from semantic change, which is an adjustment in a solitary word’s meaning. The line between word development and semantic change is once in a while somewhat hazy ; what one individual perspectives as another utilization of an old word, someone else may see as another word got from an old one and indistinguishable from it in structure. Word arrangement can likewise be stood out from the development of informal articulations, however now and again words can frame from mueti-word phrases. The investigation of the inner structure of words, and of the standards by which words are framed, is called morphology. We will compose a custom paper test on Ways of Forming New Words in a Language explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Ways of Forming New Words in a Language explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ways of Forming New Words in a Language explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This word comes the customary term for the most natural unit of syntactic structure which is the morpheme(From kinfolk and Rodman, R 1998). A word is definitely not a basic arrangement of morphemes however has a various leveled structure. In each language, there are morphological standards that decide how morphemes consolidate to from new words. As indicated by Fromkin, V. also, Rodman, R (1998) a word comprises of at least one morphemes. Lexical substance morphemes that can't be dissected into littler parts are called root morphemes. At the point when a root morpheme is joined with append morphemes it frames a stem. Different appends can be added to a stem to frame a progressively perplexing stem. A few morphemes are bound in that they should be joined to different morphemes, are consistently parts of words and never words by the themselves. Different morphemes are free in that they need not to be connected to different morphemes. For example, free, lord, bore are free morphemes while †dom (as in opportunity, realm, fatigue) is a bound morpheme. Appends, that is prefixes, postfixes, infixes and circumfixes, are bound morphemes. Prefixes happen previously, additions after, infixes in, and circumfixes around stems. Lexical substance or root morphemes establish the significant word classes †things, action words, descriptive words, qualifiers. These are open class things in light of the fact that their classes are effortlessly added to. Morphological principles of word development are perplexing. Here follows a shortsighted mapping of a successive order of morphological procedures. Morphological procedures Inflectional procedures lexical procedures Affixes erivational intensifying procedures different procedures coinage Affixes Back arrangement transformation Suffixes Blending Prefixes Acronyms Eponyms (Words from names) Infixes Neologisms Borrowing Clipping (Abbreviations) (loanwords) Circumfixes Back Fore Middle Complex section cutting cut-out cut-out Inflectional morphemes are dictated by the standards of linguistic structure. They are added to finish words, regardless of whether straightforward monomorphemic words or complex polymorphemic words (I. e. words with more than one morpheme). Inflectional morphemes never change the syntactic class of the word. Some linguistic morphemes are embedded into sentences as per the syntactic structure. For instance: In English, the past tense morpheme (- ed), is added as a postfix to an action word, and future tense morpheme (will) is embedded in a sentence as indicated by the syntactic standards of English (Fromkin, V. what's more, Rodman,R:1998). Separately, in French the current state morphemes (- e , - es, - e, - ons, - ez, - ent) are included as ? addition to an action word. In Greek, the current state morphemes (- ? - , - , - , - , - ) are added as an addition to an action word also. Derivational morphological principles are rules of word development. Derivational morphemes when added to a root or stem, a word is inferred. This technique for word arrangement mirrors the awesome innovativeness of language. An inferred word may add extra importance to the first word, for example, the negative significance of words prefixed by â€un in English. Model: happy with significance â€Å"cosy† and awkward which is the antonym, which means â€Å"not cosy†. In French, the prefix im†gives a negative importance to a word, too. For instance, the word conceivable significance â€Å"likely to happen† prefixed by im-(unimaginable) implies the contrary that is â€Å"unlikely to happen†. In Greek, if the prefix ? is added to the word  «  » we have the word  «  » which has the contrary importance. An inferred word may likewise be in an unexpected linguistic class in comparison to the underived word. At the point when an action word in English for instance is suffixed with â€able the outcome is a descriptive word, for example, want + able> attractive. Separately, in French we have worship + capable > cute (descriptive word) and in Greek, if the action word is suffixed with †, we have the verbal modifier . The progressions made in syntactic classes are: from Noun to descriptive word English French Greek Boy + ish enfant + in + Verb to Noun: English French Greek Sing + er serenade + eur + Adjective to Adverb: English French Greek Exact + ly precise + ement + Noun to Verb English French Greek Moral + ize moral + iser + Adjective to Noun English French Greek Tall + ness amazing + eur o + Verb to Adjective English French Greek Creat + ive cre + atif + The other lexical procedure is exacerbating which is consolidating words together to frame a compound word. An endocentic compound comprises of a head, I. e. the straight out part that contains the essential importance of the entire compound, and modifiers, which limit this significance. For instance, the English compound â€Å"doghouse† where house is the head and pooch is the modifier, is comprehended as a house planned for a canine. Clearly, an endocentric compound will in general be of a similar grammatical feature (word class) as its head. For instance: English French Greek railroad chemin de fer Exocentric mixes don't have a head and their significance regularly can't be straightforwardly speculated from its constituent parts. For instance, the English compound cubicle is neither a sort of neckline nor a white thing. In an exocentric intensify, the word class is resolved lexically, dismissing the class of the constituents. For instance, an unquestionable requirement have isn't an action word however a thing. In French, compound things are frequently shaped by left-hand heads with prepositional parts embedded before the modifier as in: ENGLISH FRENCH GREEK windmill moulin a vent A kind of aggravate, the action word thing compound, is framed of an action word and its article, and essentially changes a straightforward verbal provision into a thing. These mixes are officially perpetual in plural (this isn't the situation for the greek language): Examples: ENGLISH FRENCH GREEK Know-nothing grille-torment †Compounding is a typical and regular procedure for growing the jargon all things considered. Abbreviations, initialisms and alphabetisms are shortened forms composed as the underlying letter or letters of words, and articulated based on this truncated composed structure. New abbreviations are uninhibitedly created, especially for names of associations. Abbreviations articulated as arrangements of letters can be called alphabetisms. Numerous abbreviations are articulated as words for instance radar from radio recognizing and running. Models: ENGLISH FRENCH GREEK U. N for United Nations N. U for Nations Unies ?.? for Clipping is the word development process which comprises in the decrease of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). This procedure is some of the time called shortenings. Cutting for the most part comprises of the accompanying types:1) Back section 2) Fore â€clipping 3) Middle cut-out 4) Complex cut-out. Back cut-out: It is the most well-known sort in which the start is held. The unclipped unique might be either a straightforward or a composite. Models: ENGLISH FRENCH GREEK Doc (specialist) tele (TV) ( ) Fore section: Here, the last part is held. ENGLISH FRENCH GREEK (phone) transport (autobus) ( Middle section The center of the word is held. Models: ENGLISH FRENCH (flu) frigo (refrigerateur) Complex section: cut structures are likewise utilized in mixes. One piece of the first compound frequently stays flawless. For instance operation workmanship represents optical craftsmanship, in English. Some of the time the two parts of a compound are cut, as in navicert (route testament) in English. Separately, in French we have courriel (courrier electronique) for email. In these cases it is hard to tell whether the resultant arrangement ought to be treated as a cut-out or as a mix since the outskirt between the two kinds isn't in every case clear. As per Bauer (1993), the most straightforward approach to attract the differentiation is to state that those structures which hold compound pressure are cut mixes, though those that take basic word pressure are definitely not. By this rule midcult is a compound made of cutting. As indicated by Marchand (1969), cutting are not authored as words having a place with the standard jargon of a language. They begin as terms of a unique gathering like schools, armed force, police, the clinical calling and so on, in the closeness of a milieu where a clue is adequate to show the entirety. For instance, in school slang began test (for assessment) and tick (et = credit) started in stock-trade slang, though top (tain) is a military slang. While cutting terms of some compelling gatherings can go into basic use, turning out to be a piece of the standard language, cutting of

Abortion Essays (1661 words) - Abortion, Free Essays, Term Papers

Fetus removal Essays (1661 words) - Abortion, Free Essays, Term Papers Fetus removal Fetus removal is the completion of pregnancy before birth and is ethically off-base. A premature birth brings about the passing of an undeveloped organism or a hatchling. Premature birth annihilates the lives of defenseless, guiltless kids and unlawful in numerous nations. By prematurely ending these unborn babies, people are harming themselves; they are not permitting themselves to meet these new characters and special characters. Fetus removal is basically off-base. Everybody is raised realizing the contrast among good and bad. Murder isn't right, so for what reason isn't fetus removal? Individuals contend that it isn't murder if the kid is unborn. Fetus removal is murder since the baby being annihilated is absolutely real and moving. Why is it that if an newborn child is annihilated a month prior to the birth, there is no issue, however whenever killed a month after birth, this is heartless homicide? It is ethically and deliberately stupid, since we lose the center when we talk about conceptive rights without reference to a bigger good and otherworldly measurement, and we are reluctant to utilize language like offense and reclamation, or good and bad. - Wolf p54 The principle reason premature births are shameless is the manner by which they are so violently done. Ordinary, blameless, innocuous hatchlings that could before long be giggling youngsters are as a rule severely obliterated. One type of premature birth is to cut the hatchling into pieces with serrated forceps before being evacuated, piece by piece from the uterus by pull with a vacuum suction apparatus. Another structure comprises of bringing the hatchling feet first into the birth channel, puncturing its skull with a sharp instrument and sucking out the mind tissue. The body parts, for example, the head, are given letters, instead of allude to the parts as what they are. As I would like to think this is for the specialists who can't confront the truth of what they are doing. The remaining parts of the hatchling or undeveloped organism, by and large, are placed into regular, plastic basins and afterward sent to a dumpster where these valuable bones what's more, appendages are arranged. In any case, how and when a fetus removal happens are matters of little significance to ace abortionists and different protectors. Considerably previous premature birth experts from changing foundations and religions have another view on premature birth. These progressions of heart were brought about by mental, strict and logical reasons. One specialist, Dr. Bernard Nathanson, performed 60,000 premature births and managed 10,000, prior to logical proof and the utilization of a ultrasound, persuaded him he was advancing and taking an interest what he presently calls the most abominable holocaust in the history of the United States. Different specialists won't perform legitimate premature births, saying they should spare lives instead of demolish them. Many contend is it the ladies' or the hatchling's privileges and qualities that are being stomped on on? Star decision developments once in a while swear by a premature birth talk that appears to dehumanize and trivialize the passing of a baby as an approach to refine and make significant the conceptive privileges of ladies. (Wolf p54) Women can treat an undesirable hatchling as an infringement of her social liberties and is therefor advocated tin utilizing power to oust it (McMillan pA12) The choice isn't up to the mother since she isn't God. Just God, a definitive maker has the option to pick who may live and who will bite the dust. People don't have the privilege or the ability to control the personal satisfaction and to abstain from anguish. The issue of premature birth isn't simply life, however how life is made and the degree to which human expectation and control the procedure, both when birth. All people innovations and mediations may give us a world to lament. (Clark p3) With premature birth, we people give ourselves domain over a huge piece of God's arrangements and our predetermination. Fetus removal turns out to be particularly shrewd when the bond among mother and kid is broken furthermore, it is being utilized as an elective conception prevention when people can't control their untrustworthy sexual yearnings. In the event that creatures are mindful enough to be explicitly dynamic, they should likewise be dependable enough to acknowledge outcomes, and if that implies getting pregnant and making a real existence, at that point that life ought to have the chance to live. There ought to be a bond or connection between a mother and youngster, regardless of whether conceived or then again unborn. Moms and her youngsters structure a bond not at all like some other felling of adoration; when a kid is prematurely ended, before given the option to develop in the bond, does the mother feel the association with her kid or is it simply uterine material. Premature birth is rarely about just premature birth. It is

P1 web architecture and components ver2 Free Essays

Web engineering: Web engineering is a method of structuring and arranging of sites that incorporate various territories like WWW, ISP and so on. Such web models are examined beneath. Network access supplier: Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the associations which give internet providers to the individuals and different associations. We will compose a custom exposition test on P1 web engineering and parts ver2 or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now ISP gives diverse programming bundles which incorporates family name, secret key, and access to the telephones and once in a while to the TV stations. For this administration their client pays certain add up to their bundle. There are various associations which give web access and have various highlights like diverse speed of association with the web. The speed of the web association influences the presentation of the sites, for example, the download speed of a video cut. Web Hosting Service: Web facilitating administration is a web facilitating administration which permits the individual and bigger associations to have their site. The site can be gotten to and seen utilizing World Wide Web. The customer pays a specific measure of cash month to month to their web facilitating administration and these hosts give stockpiling limit and diverse administration offices and specialized help and administration. These host organization charges the association or the person by looking the static of what number of clients utilize the site every month and different highlights on the web. Space Structure: Domain name is the location of the site in the World Wide Web called IP address. This can be gotten to through the web. Such delivers are hard to recall and probably won't have importance with respect to the website page. So the proprietor of the site needs to buy an area name to connection to the IP address so their site can be gotten to the web. The area names are kept simpler with the goal that the client can comprehend and recollect it. A simpler case of a space name is www. Google. Com† which additionally possesses other space name â€Å"www. Google. Co. UK†. â€Å"WWW is the prefix and â€Å". Com† is the addition while the character between them is the area name. Space Name Registrars: Domain Name enlistment centers are the associations that have power to the area names. They give the area name and deal with the booking of the web space names. The area name recorders on the I-J are Goddard. Com and 123-erg. Co. UK. At the point when they offer the area name to the weapon proprietor, they additionally guarantee some measure of cash. The enlistment centers have a bundle of certain measure of certain measure of time. In this manner, the more drawn out the mount of the time, the higher the measure of cash the weapon proprietor needs to pay to their enlistment centers. Internet: World Wide Web (WWW) is a method of getting to the data put away on the web. It utilizes various sorts of codes like http to transmit data. WWW contains content, pictures, recordings, sound and numerous other mixed media which can be seen by utilizing program. Equipment: We can utilize various sorts of equipment which help give network access. Such equipment incorporates web server, mail server, intermediary server, switches and so on. Web Server: Web servers stores site pages and conveys those site pages to the client by utilizing be language http to the internet browser. Web server can both be equipment and programming. Any individual can turn their PC to the web server by introducing the server programming. Every server has restricted limit so the site which is colossally all of us over the world has various web servers. Mail Server: Mail server is a PC server which comprises of capacity zone where email for nearby clients is put away. This server sends and gets messages. This kind of server just controls the email traffic on the web. Intermediary Server: Proxy server is a server which shares the web association and different administrations. It resembles an internet browser which is in the middle of the client and the web server. It can now and then improve the presentation for the clients and channels the solicitations by the client. It is for the most part utilized on the business associations and universities. It is to forestall the understudies and the staffs’ access from explicit sites during the official hour. Switch: A switch is a gadget that is associated with at least two systems. Switch advances the information bundles along to the various systems. When the parcel is sent from the PC to the switch it advances to the distinctive switch till the bundle is gotten by the last gadget. Switch keeps up the development of the bundle in the web while moving the parcel between the client and the server. Programming: There are different kinds of programming which connects the PC to the web and different systems. Program is one of them which finds and shows the substance on the World Wide Web. There are different sorts of program, for example, Google chrome, Safari, Firebox, Internet Explorer used to ride the web and pages. These are the celebrated and driving program on the planet. A few programs are preinstall on the new PCs while different programs can be downloaded from the web on ere of cost. Email is the other programming which is utilized to get and send the messages from the email server. The client has their own enacted account through which they can send different messages like content, video and pictures. Conventions: Transport and tending to egg TCP/IP Application layer HTTP, HTTPS, ESMTP Web Functionality Web 2. 0: Web 2. 0 is the second era of the www. It is centered around the capacity for individuals to work together and share data on the web. It keeps static site pages that don’t change. It has more extravagant substance/broadband. Went 2. 0 alludes to the change from strategy HTML website pages to progressively powerful web that is increasingly composed and depends on serving web application to the clients. Dynamic site contains pages that are produced powerfully. Each time the client access to the page, the HTML is produced progressively and is sent to the user’s program. For instance: Amazon is a unique site. At the point when the client gains admittance to it, the page shows the sorts of items which may make intrigue the client by examining the users’ buy history. The site creates the weapon distinctively to the various clients. Masses: Blob is an individual site page on which the client records and posts their musings and pinions, their exploration and speculation head and so on. N a customary premise. Different clients can answer to their remarks. The masses are utilized to share data on the web. These days the client can utilize more highlights and capacity when contrasted with the beginning days of the mass. The masses are stayed up with the latest so the data shared is precise and dependable. Online Application: Online application has changed lately. Microsoft offi ce utilized for home and office reason presently is being utilized as an online rendition of word office 365. Individuals can access to the online form and utilize the word. It is less expensive than to purchase the entire programming bundle and simple to get to by means of web. When there is no web association the online variant can't be utilized. Also, online renditions don’t have numerous highlights than the Microsoft Home office. Different models incorporate games facilitating web based getting to by means of (web based games) and messages. Distributed computing: Cloud processing is a web based figuring in which diverse help like servers and capacity and application are moved to an organizations’ PC framework by means of web. It has a capacity to run an application on many associated simultaneously. Instructions to refer to P1 web engineering and segments ver2, Papers

Review of the movie Missing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of the Missing - Movie Review Example On the other hand, the film likewise shows the connection between Horman’s father Ed Horman (Lemmon) who is an American and Horman’s spouse (Spacek). Toward the start, Lemmon reprimands Charles for his radical political perspectives that brought about his vanishing. Be that as it may, he later on alters his perspective believing that there is a chance of the Government being vigorously associated with the vanishing of Charles or potentially his demise. There is likewise the likelihood that Charles the youthful American would have been on the casual hit list that includes outside columnists removed and most likely murdered. It is additionally guaranteed that the American international safe haven authorities knew about his destiny and were even engaged with supporting Charles demise. A show film, which is set in Chile when the country is encountering common war, the film for the most part concerns a portion of the activities where the United States government takes to acquire ubiquity. For the most part, Missing spotlights predominantly on power from its genuine life premise. On the other hand, Missing is a direct movie that has a broad arrangement that confers on the United States practices in remote nations particularly in its activities. The topic for this situation spins around the United States on remote land. On the other hand, the film exhibits how the United States functions in continuing its activities in outside countries but then its own residents censure the nation’s mystery tasks particularly when general society know about these occasions. From the film show, it is very apparent that the United States works like a two-edged blade whereby the United States citizen’s needs will in general move particularly when matters become individual. Ed Horman who is Charles father shows this angle. Edward and Mildred Lewis utilizes the characters in this film so that they viably draw out a portion of the genuine occasions that once occurred during the common war year. The characters are

Study or Stock Market Essay Example for Free

Study or Stock Market Essay Dr. Pushpa Bhatt and Sumangala J. K (2011) considers Impact of Book Value on Market Value of an Equity Share †An Empirical Study in Indian Capital Market. They endeavor to locate the logical intensity of book an incentive in clarifying the varieties in value advertise esteem. At that point endeavor is made to contrast the equivalent and the equivalent of gaining per share (EPS). They have gathered and dissected information about book worth and market estimation of value portion of 50 organizations for a long time from 2006-07 to 2010-2011. Jimoh Ezekiel Oseni (2007), Determinants of stock costs in the capital market. There are more than 130 organizations whose offers are being exchanged the Nigerian capital market. The Banking part over the most recent five years has commanded the market as far as exchanging volumes and market execution. The procuring per share (EPS) and profit per share (DPS) of twelve organizations recorded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) and (normal) yearly GDP, raw petroleum value (OIL), loaning financing cost (INT), swelling rate (INFL) and remote conversion standard (FX) are utilized are examined for impact on the stock cost. The period secured by the information is year 2001 to 2007. Mohammed Belal Uddin (2009) Determinants of market cost of stock: An examination on bank renting and insurance agencies of Bangladesh. The populace size is 86 recorded organizations in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and picked 68 organizations as test on likelihood inspecting premise. In this investigation the reliant variable is â€Å"Market Price of Stock (MPS)† in Bangladeshi taka. The free factors are: (1) Net Asset Value per Share (NAVPS) in Bangladeshi taka; (2) Dividend rate (DIV); (3) Earnings per Share (EPS) in Bangladeshi taka Dr. Sanjeet Sharma (2009) Determinants of value stock costs in India. This investigation has been embraced to look at the observational connection between value share costs and logical factors, for example, book esteem per share, profit per share, procuring per share, cost acquiring proportion, profit yield, profit payout, size regarding deal and total assets for the period 1993-94 to 2008-09. Dr. Bidyut Jyoti Bhattacharjee (2012), the determinants of market cost of portion of Indian organizations. This investigation makes an endeavor to analyze that whether market cost of portion of the organization impacted by significant determinants like size, development, chance, gainfulness, influence and profit choice of the organization considering Indian ventures enrolled in Bombay Stock Exchange of India. In Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Olowe and Olusegun, Agu (2012) An Assessment of the Determinants of Share Price in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Listed Firms. This examination fundamentally tries to research the impacts of budgetary execution, profit payout and money related influence on the offer cost of firms working in the Nigerian stock trade advertise. To accomplish the destinations of this examination, the Nigerian stock trade certainty book and the corporate yearly reports for the period 2006-2010 were broke down. What's more, utilizing the critical inspecting method, the investigation considered a sum of 30 recorded firms in the Nigerian stock trade showcase. The decision of these enterprises emerges dependent on the size, and the decrease in the offer costs of the supplies of these organizations. Dwi Martani, Mulyono and Rahfiani Khairurizka (2009), the impact of money related proportions, firm size, and income from working exercises in the meantime report to the stock return The target of this investigation is to analyze the worth significance of bookkeeping data in clarifying stock return. The investigation utilizes gainfulness, liquidity, influence, advertise proportion, size and income as intermediaries of bookkeeping data. The examples of the investigation are recorded organizations in assembling businesses that effectively exchanging between 2003-2006 in Indonesia Stock Market. The investigation finds that gainfulness, turnover and market proportion has critical effect on the stock return. P. S. irmala, P. S. Sanju and M. Ramachandran Determinants of Share Prices in India the focal point of this investigation is to recognize the determinants of offer costs in the Indian market. The investigation utilizes board information relating to three divisions viz., auto, social insurance and open area endeavors over the period 2000-2009 and utilizes the completely adjusted standard least squares strategy. The outcomes show that the factors profit, value income proportion and influence are huge determinants of offer costs for all the segments viable. Further, benefit is found to impact share costs just on account of auto part

Can You Be Committed Against Your Will

Can You Be Committed Against Your Will Depression Treatment Print Can You Be Committed to a Mental Hospital Against Your Will? Emergency Detention and Commitment for Severe Depression By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Eric Audras / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand General, Short-Term Commitments Commitment for Suicide Ideation Who Can Request Commitment Longer-Term Commitments Hospitalization for Depression View All Can you be committed to a psychiatric ward at a hospital or a mental hospital against your will? What if you are feeling suicidal? What should you know about both short-term emergency detention and long-term commitment? The short answer is that you can be committed to a mental hospital against your will if you meet the criteria set forth by the state in which you live.?? That said, the exact criteria can vary, but often includes the requirement that you must present a danger, either to yourself or others, before you can be committed.?? General, Short-Term Commitments Although the exact process for commitment varies from state to state, each state has procedures in place that prevent you from being detained without just cause, such as requirements for medical certification or judicial approval.?? There are also time limits on how long you can be held against your will. Who can initiate the process of having you committed also varies from state to state and depends on the type of commitment being sought. Its important to note that there is also a significant difference between emergency detentionâ€"committing a person for a short period of timeâ€"and longer periods of commitment. Can You Be Committed If You Are Suicidal? Suicidal thoughts and feelings along with the belief that you are in immediate danger of hurting yourself would fall under the umbrella of reasons for a short-term commitment or involuntary hospitalization for depression. Other criteria that may be considered include whether you are able to take care of yourself and whether you are in need of treatment for your mental illness. Some states do not require that a person be in danger of hurting themselves or others, and involuntary hospitalization may be considered if a person is refusing needed treatment for mental illness. The definition of mental illness also varies from state to state. How to Create a Suicide Safety Plan Who Can Make the Request? A short-term emergency detention, such as detention immediately following a suicide attempt, can generally be requested by anyone who has witnessed the situation that you are in, including friends, family, or the police. Even though almost anyone can initiate the process, most states do require either medical evaluation or court approval in order to ensure that you meet that particular states criteria.?? The allowed duration of emergency detentions vary from state to state but are most often limited to 24â€"48 hours before a civil commitment proceeding must be initiated.?? Though some states have longer detention periods that can range from four to 10 days.?? Can Someone Who Has Been Committed Refuse Treatment? Even if a person has been committed through emergency detention, they will not be forced to undergo treatment for their mental illness, with the exception of treatments required on an emergency basis designed to calm them or stabilize a medical condition. This does not include medications to specifically treat the mental illness (such as administering antidepressants). In order to make a person take medications for mental illness or go through therapy, that person would need to be declared incompetent to make their own decisionsâ€"a separate process from that of short-term commitment.?? Do You Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment? Longer-Term Commitments Commitments for longer periods of time generally have more stringent requirements than emergency detention, but again are for limited periods of time and cannot be extended without the proper procedures being followed. Typically, the maximum length of long-term commitment is six months depending on the state, after which a reassessment must be made before the commitment is extended.?? To learn more about your own states laws regarding involuntary commitment, consult the Treatment Advocacy Center, which provides a state-by-state review of all relevant laws.?? Hospitalization for Depression When talking about commitment, it might sound like a prison sentence, but in actuality, when commitment is considered, the goal is to help a person, not to punish or restrict their rights as a human being. Talk of commitment usually demonstrates compassion and consideration of the safety and well-being of the person in need of help. Certainly, this is not always the case, and this is where the involvement of a medical professional or judicial approval is important.?? Severe depression is, unfortunately, far too common. And for some, being hospitalized for depression may be the best step in getting help before you make any decisions you could later regret. While in the hospital, a person who is depressed will have the opportunity to meet with a psychiatrist or psychologist, a social worker, and participate in individual and/or group therapy. It is likely that these treatments are behind the finding that emergency detention for people with severe mental illness is associated with a lower mortality rate (fewer deaths) and an improvement in the quality of life for those who are committed. A Word From Verywell For the most part, anyoneâ€"from family members and friends to police and emergency respondersâ€"can recommend short-term emergency detention (commitment) for a person who is in danger of hurting themself or others, as in the case of being suicidal. The exact requirements, however, vary from state to state, as does the amount of time a person may be committed. While emergency commitment can sound very frightening, the goal is to allow a person who is not coping well with mental illness to get the help needed to get past the crisis at hand. If you or a loved one are experiencing thoughts of suicide, seek help and make safety and prevention a priority. How to Help a Friend Who Is Feeling Suicidal

The Lymphatic System Blood Vessels, Capillaries, Arteriole - 275 Words

The Lymphatic System: Blood Vessels, Capillaries, Arteriole (Essay Sample) Content: The Lymphatic SystemName Paper name Professors Name DateThe blood flows to the heart out of the tissue in the arteries, blood vessels, capillaries, arterioles, which lead to capillaries a thin-walled vessel, which allow oxygen and nutrient exchange. On the other side of the capillaries are venules, which eventually become veins that again empty into the heart all the way through the inferior and superior vena cavae (Marieb, 2009). Because the blood is flowing through the capillaries, some fluid part of the blood "leaks" out. A myriad of hydrostatic and oncotic forces of the length of the capillary (referred to as "the Starling forces") of fluid left in the blood vessels that returned to it-this is the "the lymph fluid". Lymph is simply that is simply the liquid part of blood, which did not make it back to the blood vessels. The lymphatic vessels (of which closely mirror the blood vessels) to restore this fluid circulation via the thoracic duct, although there are no lymphatic vessels of the brain or central nervous system, the lymphatic vessels is associated with the neurological system through nerves. There are three types of lymph vessels: the initial lymphatics is also known as capillaries; Collect the vessels that carry lymph through the lymph nodes; and the Ducts that connect the subclavian veins (veins that connect directly to the heart) to return to the lymph to blood circulation(Marieb, 2009).Two of the lymphatic vessels (also called lymphatic trunks), ductus thoracicus (left of the lymphatic vessels or the thoracic duct) and ductus lymphaticus dexter (right lymphatic duct), correspondingly located in the ductus lymphaticus-dexter (right lymph vessels channel). Two channels combine the large lymphatic collecting vessels, the blood flow through the subclavian veins, which pumps blood to the heart. Ductus thoracicus connects the left subclavian vein while the ductus lymphaticus dexter connection in the right subclavian vein (Marieb, 2009 ). The intersection is where the lymphatic vessels and the subclavian vessels in the face are the only direct access to the blood and lymph circulation, the only place, where the lymph nodes enter the circulation of blood. The right lymphatic duct brings lymph collected from the right hand on the right side of the head and the chest, blood flow through the right subclavian vein. On the left, the thoracic duct drains lymph from the rest of the body and carries the blood flow through the subclavien on the left of the vein.Since the lymphatic capillaries lymph flow all the way through larger and thicker-walled channel first, collecting vessels, then trunks, and lastly the largest vessels, the ducts. The collecting lymphatic vessels have the same three tunics as veins, but the collecting vessels have thinner walls and more internal valves (Marieb, 2009). Generally lymphatic vessels in the skin travel along with superficial veins, while the deep lymphatic vessels travel with deep arterie s.From the lymphatic vessels of the capillaries in the lymph passes through the larger and thicker the channels first, then the largest ship in the end frames and ship channels. Collect the lymphatic vessels have the same three tunics than the veins, but collect the vessel is thinner walls and more internal valves (Marieb, 2009). In General, the lymph vessels in the skin to travel along with the superficial veins, while the deep lymphatic vessels to travel deep arteries.The largest collection of vessels unites to form a lymphatic trunk from which water drains into a fairly large area of the body. Big trunks, which are named after areas in the body they drain into the lymph from, are paired with lumbar, jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks and a single intestinal trunk. The lymph will be delivered in the end one of the two major channels in the chest area. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the root of the upper limbs and head and chest on the right side (Marieb , 2009). The thoracic duct, (which is a much larger) of the lymph nodes to other parts of the body, It wakes up the enlarged cisterna chyl...

The Road By Cormac Mccarthy - 1367 Words

Within the book The Road by Cormac McCarthy, a main topic is the subject of isolation. Isolation is the act of remaining apart or separated from others. This typically refers to lack of social ties or lack of contact with people.On their journey to the coast the man and the boy experience some of the effects of isolation. They do come in contact with a few people, however for the majority the book the are on their own. Typically isolation refers to not coming in contact with people for a long period of time. In more modern society this commonly occurs in the elderly, those who aren t elderly can still experience isolation, too. Aside from commonly being separated from people, some believe that could be partly due to a third factor so to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" According to researcher John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago, 20 percent of all people are unhappy because of social isolation at any given moment† This shows that a good percentage of people are unha ppy due to isolation. To show effects of how isolation could affect the body and its health, the university of chicago medical center has gathered information that the isolation of mice causes increased tumor growth in mammary glands. This test was conducted in order to see if environment can affect a person s likeliness to get breast cancer of other chronic diseases. Two groups of mice were tested, one being exposed to ther mice, while others lived in individual isolation. Those that were isolated had an increased tumor growth in their mammary glands. It is shown that the social environment they lived in and the stress of living alone for the isolated mice is what caused this to happen. Being exposed to isolation can lead to it being a risk factor in your life, leading to possible diseases and habits such as obesity and smoking. Exposure to isolation can also lead to other effects such as stress, which carries many effects of the health such as developing diseases and habits related to stress. Isolation, even for a brief period, can lead to feeling what is called social chills. Of those surveyed on the temperature of a room, after recalling a time when they were away from friends or snubbed socially, they reported colder temperatures. Whereas those who recalledShow MoreRelatedThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1531 Words   |  7 Pagesof punishment that anyone could be faced with. Cormac McCarthy shows the reaction isolation had on the characters in The Road. The Road, by Cormac McCarthy, follows an unnamed father and son as they travel towards the coast in search of safety after the world has been destroyed by a catastrophe. As they travel the road, the father has to pro tect his son from the threat of strangers, starvation, exposure and harsh weather. In The Road, Cormac McCarthy shows how humans react to isolation by when theRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1009 Words   |  5 PagesL’Heureux II, John Lang and Lit Year 2 2/10/2017 Written Task 2 Title of the text for analysis: The Road by Cormac McCarthy,2006 Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 4- Literature, a critical study Prescribed question: How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose? My critical response will: ââ€"  Show how the text conforms to the post-apocalyptic genre. ââ€"  Show how resources, including basics such as food and water, are a scarcityRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1584 Words   |  7 Pagestime can be unbearable if one is stripped of the most basic necessities. Such an event can greatly affect the behaviour of a person, as well as the ability to distinguish right from wrong. But like the boy and his father in the novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy they stuck to their morals to overcome the hardships they face. The novels recurring themes such as companionship, survival, and good versus evil, prove that a persons moral standards could change in a time of need. Companionship plays anRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy is set in an apocalyptic world filled with hopelessness, mental fatigue, and few instances of happiness. Throughout the story, the man and the boy are looking for hope in anything and everything. Unfortunately every turn they take they continue to fall further into despair until they find a Coca-Cola. This soda has a unique meaning to the boy and the man. The Coca-Cola in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road symbolizes the world’s regression and gives hope to the man and boy byRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2405 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 26, 2016 The Road by Cormac McCarthy and its View of Parental Love and Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World The boy s father tells him My job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? (McCarthy The Road) this sends such a powerful message about instinct, hope, and paternal love. These words so passionately from the lips of the father perfectly describes Cormac McCarthy s story of The Road and the power a father sRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy968 Words   |  4 Pagescompassion in the toughest of situations, and leads us toward paths of peace. In this essay, examples will be drawn from Zak Ibrahim s keynote presentation, The Road by Cormac McCarthy, Beautiful Boy; a film directed by Shawn Ku, and Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut. The loss of a loved one can help us find compassion. In The Road by Cormac McCarthy, the boy is the most compassionate person in the whole novel. At the end of the novel, when the boy s father dies, the boy is not thinking about hisselfRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1310 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The Road† written by Cormac McCarthy is a novel which uses a large variety of different language features to shape the reader s reaction and leading the readers into thinking the idea that our current world really is fallible.â€Å"The road† is about a strong loving relationship between the father and son. Which is shown on every page of the novel. They are fighting for survival in this apocalyptic world of humanity which is heading to an end. For anyone realising that our world is fallible is quiteRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy1281 Words   |  5 PagesTitle of the Work: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: September 26, 2006 (September 26, 2006) Genre: Novel Historical information about the Setting: The novel takes place in the Southeastern part of United States. The characters take a journey, passing Texas, the post-apocalyptic landscape. During this time the novel is taken place, the country was experiencing depression and poverty. When McCarthy was writing this book, he was thinking about the future environment ofRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy2062 Words   |  9 PagesReid Norberg Period 3 3/18/16 2016 AP Lodestar 1. Title: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: 2006 Genre: Post- apocalyptic fiction 2. The Road is a novel written by American author Cormac McCarthy. Although born in the North East, McCarthy was driven to the South West later in his life where he has since based most of his novels, including The Road. The Road tells a story of a man and his son in post apocalyptic America where the weather is winter-like and the ground isRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Road by Cormac McCarthy a recurring theme in the story is gaining or losing hope. Throughout this story there are numerous instances and events that occur in which all seems lost at a dead end, but in those moment hope carries through and thrives. In this dystopian post apocalyptic world the man and boy are fighting to stay alive while keeping their humanity as well as searching for what humanity is left in this kill or be killed cannibalistic planet. As their time journeying down the road increases

Gender Discrimination And The Wage Gap Essay - 962 Words

Gender Discrimination and the Wage Gap Definitions Gender discrimination has been a controversial topic since the introduction of the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923. Gender discrimination is defined in the Encyclopedia of Small Business as any action that specifically denies opportunities, privileges, or rewards to a person (or a group) because of gender (Burton, 2011, p.617). While women are often the subject of gender discrimination, men may also find themselves being discriminated against. Cases where men have claimed that they have been discriminated against on the basis of gender are usually referred to as â€Å"reverse discrimination† (Burton, 2011, p. 617). History In 1923, Alice Paul, a women’s rights activist whose suffragist campaign culminated in passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, wrote the Equal Rights Amendment, â€Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The National War Labor Board first advocated equal pay for equal work in 1942, and an equal pay act was proposed in 1945. (Cho, n.d.a). 18 years later, on June 10, 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law. It was enacted as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which regulates minimum wages, overtime and child labor. (Fugiero, n.d.). In 1982, it came closest to being ratified when thirty-five of the thirty-eight states required for inclusion in the Constitution passed it (Cho, n.d.a). In 1963,Show MoreRelatedWage Discrimination And The Gender Wage Gap1987 Words   |  8 PagesWage Discrimination and the Gender Wage Gap â€Å"They† say, â€Å"We’ve come a long way baby!† â€Å"They† are both correct and incorrect at the same time. While it is true that women have come a long way from June Cleaver and the typical 50’s housewife to the modern two parent working household, statistically, it would take women approximately one extra day of work per week to earn the same as their male counterpart. So, while women have begun to work in higher paying professional and managerial jobs thatRead MoreGender Wage Gap : Discrimination Or Misinformation1699 Words   |  7 PagesGender Wage Gap: Discrimination or Misinformation In 2014, female full-time workers made only 79 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 21% according to IWPR Org or Institute for Women’s Policy Research. There is no debate that in the past women have been discriminated against when it came to compensation and wages in the workforce which led to the enactment of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. This a federal law signed by John F Kennedy attempting to amend wage disparity based on sexRead MoreDiscrimination, Policies, And The Gender Wage Gap1088 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination, Policies, and The Gender Wage-Gap   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For decades, the gender wage-gap has been an ongoing issue in Canada. Since then, women’s rights have changed and allowed them to obtain career positions much like men. Although women have successfully fought for their rights, the issues of the gender wage gap, and sexist stereotypes continue in Canada. The Canadian Government needs to strengthen its discrimination policies so it can rectify and allow for equal opportunity, support parentalRead MoreGender Discrimination : Gender Equality And Wage Gap1822 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination – Gender Equality and Wage Gap Do women earn less than men? In today’s society, money is one of the most important sources of livelihood; therefore, it is surprising to know that some women are paid less than men for doing the same job. One of the reasons that there is a wage gap is often linked to traditions and stereotypes. Some of the stereotypes include: women experience difficulty balancing work and family life, they are not vigorous, they are too emotional, and that theyRead MoreThe Gender Wage Gap And Focus On The Discrimination Against Working Women1350 Words   |  6 Pagesurpose: The purpose is to highlight the gender wage gap and focus on the discrimination against working women Thesis: I intend to assert that women deserve to be paid as much as men for the same job by the same employer. Introduction For the same employer and for the same job in the US, on an average, women get 79 cents for every dollar earned by their male colleagues. This indeed is an alarming figure noting that women haveRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Focus On The Discrimination Against Working Women1792 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: Equal Pay for Women Purpose: The purpose is to highlight the gender wage gap and focus on the discrimination against working women Thesis: I intend to assert that women deserve to be paid as much as men for the same job by the same employer. Introduction: l. Working for the same employer and in the same kind of job in the US, if we look at averages, women get paid merely 79 cents against every single dollar paid to their male coworkers. A. This indeed is an alarming figure noting that womenRead MoreThe Wage Gap Between Men And Women1337 Words   |  6 PagesMen and women. Even the name of the female gender is derived from the male species. For years, women have been discriminated against in an array of areas such as politics, at home, and in the workplace. The most debated area of gender discrimination is the wage gap between men and women. After reviewing the following facts, it is obvious women are essentially just as valuable as men, and therefore should be treated equally in the workplace. The pay gap between males and females has been a topic thatRead MoreThe Wage Gap Within The United States1687 Words   |  7 Pagesright to equal wages; gender and ethnic inequality has been an on-going issue in the United States for a very long time. This inequality has been the reason for the Wage Gap which is a violation of everyone’s human rights. Some people believe that the wage gap is just a gender problem but it is not, it is unequal opportunities for racial and gender minorities; in fact some women that are of a certain race are paid significantly less than someone who is only of one minority. The wage gap relates to humanRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Civil War1595 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 and the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993. However, women are still being undermined in the work force with the wage gap between women and men. Many argue that a wage gap does exist where women are working hard but getting payed less leading to poverty. On the other hand, others argue that the wage gap is merle a myth and is impractical in today s society. Contributing factors like education, family and job choice is what causing a wage gap. The opposingRead MoreGender And Gender Within The American Workforce1306 Words   |  6 Pagesyears. Whether it is equality for races, religion, gender or sexual orientation, people just desire for life to be equal and fair. Although much has changed and is continuously changing, women still struggle to be seen as equivalent to men in the American workforce. Bound by a wage gap that is bias towards the female species, women have to battle different factors which lead to inequivalent compensation. There are wage gaps stimulating from gender within the American workforce due to caregiving duties;

How to Make a Display Board for Classroom Activities

The Importance of the Wise Use of Genetic Engineering

Human species has been suffering at the hands of disease since their genesis. Our relation with each other is such that if one suffers in pain, his suffering and pain touches rest of the humanity. It is now in our domain to use this new technology called Genetic Engineering to ameliorate human suffering and pain. We should make sure that this technology is only used for the betterment of human species and not selectively. It is indeed horrifying to know that someone wants to use this as a tool for eugenics or to alter the human race altogether. I totally agree with the specter mentioned in the book Babies by Design by Ronald M. Green (2007), that in case a human weakness has been eliminated through genetic engineering, and the few parents who opt for a natural conception run the risk of producing low quality invalids----who become members of a despised under-class. I am against selective genetic manipulation that will produce several classes of human species, which will be classified as good, better, best. I tend to disagree with Bill Mckibben on â€Å"If I am a world class runner, but my parents inserted the sweatworks2010genepack in my genome, can I really feel pride in my accomplishments† (ENOUGH 2003). Yes sir I can, because my gene carried an imperfection. It has been tweaked a bit to enhance my performance and that’s all there is to it. No qualms about it whatsoever. Humans have far more genetic defects than animals. We need to fix these defects once and for allShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Maintaining The Race944 Words   |  4 Pages On the importance of maintaining the race, George quotes Dr. James G. Needham, a professor of entomology, stating, â€Å"The road to social deterioration runs by way of continued breeding from inferior stock. . . . Devastated cities may be rebuilt again by renewed labor and lost fortunes may be reestablished. . . . But the powers of mind and character eliminated by bad breeding may hardly be restored† (p. 46). Next George offers recommendations for social justice and national greatness (pp. 47-48)Read MoreThe Genetic Modification Of Humans993 Words   |  4 Pages Remedial Genetic Modification When discussing the topic genetic modification of humans, some people readily agree that modification of humans is an unsound procedure. Where their agreement typically ends, however, is on the question of how much people generally understand about genetic modification, considering, not only its unfamilirarity, but its broad diversity. Where as some are convinced this bio ingenuity course of action is unnatural and should not be practiced, others maintainRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops : Hope For Developing Countries?1543 Words   |  7 Pagesbiotechnology, which sacrifices humans and the environment for the sake of revenues and shareholder value.† They extend into how the debate has essentially boiled down to die-hard activists against any sort of agricultural innovation dealing with genetic alterations versus the scientific minds behind the technology, â€Å" †¦ where important facts are largely ignored and where relatively few new ideas are introduced in or der to find ways for using this technology in the safest possible manner.† FollowingRead MoreCsr And Product Lifecycle And Its Components Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesand reputation. Some consumer might be swayed by product certification logos as they represent corporate CSR and can instill brand trust to certain consumers. As today’s consumer and marketplace is demanding and knowledgeable; an organization is wise to listen as they speak with their wallets and step up its CSR program. Product Lifecycle and Lifecycle Pricing Pricing is an important aspect in examining the stages of the product lifecycle: raw materials extraction, materials processing, productRead MoreControversial Issues Across The United States1383 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy since before the 1980 court case between genetic engineers and the U.S. Patent Office in which the court ruled in favor of the genetic engineers claiming Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title (Burger, caselaw). Chief Justice Warren Burger’s wise word proved to be true over the decades to comeRead MoreScience1384 Words   |  6 PagesVenter, despite having scientific intentions, is normally affiliated with business influenced science. Although each group works rigorously towards the discovery of impactful knowledge, this distinction in motivation significantly impacts society’s use of their science. Science without the influence of financial interest is superior because it is accessible to the public, faces minimal distractions, and lacks the level of corruption within the private sector. The open release of information withinRead MoreMonsanto : Economic Factors For Trade Restrictions And Criticisms Affect The Operation Of Monsanto Seed Company2869 Words   |  12 Pagescountries have made their complaints official about the negligence on the part of Monsanto not labeling their products. Close to 15000 consumers from various parts of the US, majorly Texas have complained to the largest seed producing company on the importance of labeling the products to distinguish them from GMOs. This is due to the negative effects shown by the victims complaining the products have a number of negative effects on their health. In this paper, there is an outline of the strategies thatRead MoreWe Are On The Precipice Of Great And Drastic Change Essay2486 Words   |  10 Pagesto enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capabilities† (Jiang, 2015). Technological advancements play an ever-increasing part in our lives, more so now than any other time in mankind s history. With advances in the fields of engineering, science, robotics, and neuroscience, I believe we are on the precipice of great and drastic change. This could equally lead to an ethical and social meltdown in our society. I think this fundamentally is a wrong idea because it goes against GodsRead MoreA Research Study On Patenting Genes Of Organism1819 Words   |  8 Pagesorganism in a particular way. It may help farmers with crop cultivation and reduce crop infestation. It may also help farmers to be able to cultivated crops or keep animals that are prawn to drought resistance. Before, I go in details explain the importanc e of why businesses that develop modified organisms should be able to preserve their property rights by patenting such organisms or why such organism should not be patentable. I would like to briefly explain the history of patenting. For over twoRead MoreA Study On Patenting Genes Of Organism1871 Words   |  8 Pagesorganism in a particular way. It may help farmers with crop cultivation and reduce crop infestation. It may also help farmers to be able to cultivated crops or keep animals that are prawn to drought resistance. Before, I go in details explain the importance of why businesses that develop modified organisms should be able to preserve their property rights by patenting such organisms or why such organism should not be patentable. I would like to briefly explain the history of patenting. For over two

The Lost Symbol Chapter 58-61 Free Essays

string(113) " the playing field was tipped so heavily in his favor that he would not even need his goggles to track his prey\." CHAPTER 58 The coyly nicknamed explosive Key4 had been developed by Special Forces specifically for opening locked doors with minimal collateral damage. Consisting primarily of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine with a diethylhexyl plasticizer, it was essentially a piece of C-4 rolled into paper-thin sheets for insertion into doorjambs. In the case of the library’s reading room, the explosive had worked perfectly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Symbol Chapter 58-61 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Operation leader Agent Turner Simkins stepped over the wreckage of the doors and scanned the massive octagonal room for any signs of movement. Nothing. â€Å"Kill the lights,† Simkins said. A second agent found the wall panel, threw the switches, and plunged the room into darkness. In unison, all four men reached up and yanked down their night-vision headgear, adjusting the goggles over their eyes. They stood motionless, surveying the reading room, which now materialized in shades of luminescent green inside their goggles. The scene remained unchanged. Nobody made a dash for it in the dark. The fugitives were probably unarmed, and yet the field team entered the room with weapons raised. In the darkness, their firearms projected four menacing rods of laser light. The men washed the beams in all directions, across the floor, up the far walls, into the balconies, probing the darkness. Oftentimes, a mere glimpse of a laser-sighted weapon in a darkened room was enough to induce instant surrender. Apparently not tonight. Still no movement. Agent Simkins raised his hand, motioning his team into the space. Silently, the men fanned out. Moving cautiously up the center aisle, Simkins reached up and flipped a switch on his goggles, activating the newest addition to the CIA’s arsenal. Thermal imaging had been around for years, but recent advances in miniaturization, differential sensitivity, and dual-source integration had facilitated a new generation of vision enhancing equipment that gave field agents eyesight that bordered on superhuman. We see in the dark. We see through walls. And now . . . we see back in time. Thermal-imaging equipment had become so sensitive to heat differentials that it could detect not only a person’s location . . . but their previous locations. The ability to see into the past often proved the most valuable asset of all. And tonight, once again, it proved its worth. Agent Simkins now spied a thermal signature at one of the reading desks. The two wooden chairs luminesced in his goggles, registering a reddish-purple color, indicating those chairs were warmer than the other chairs in the room. The desk lamp’s bulb glowed orange. Obviously the two men had been sitting at the desk, but the question now was in which direction they had gone. He found his answer on the central counter that surrounded the large wooden console in the middle of the room. A ghostly handprint, glowing crimson. Weapon raised, Simkins moved toward the octagonal cabinet, training his laser sight across the surface. He circled until he saw an opening in the side of the console. Did they really corner themselves in a cabinet? The agent scanned the trim around the opening and saw another glowing handprint on it. Clearly someone had grabbed the doorjamb as he ducked inside the console. The time for silence was over. â€Å"Thermal signature!† Simkins shouted, pointing at the opening. â€Å"Flanks converge!† His two flanks moved in from opposite sides, effectively surrounding the octagonal console. Simkins moved toward the opening. Still ten feet away, he could see a light source within. â€Å"Light inside the console!† he shouted, hoping the sound of his voice might convince Mr. Bellamy and Mr. Langdon to exit the cabinet with their hands up. Nothing happened. Fine, we’ll do this the other way. As Simkins drew closer to the opening, he could hear an unexpected hum rumbling from within. It sounded like machinery. He paused, trying to imagine what could be making such a noise in such a small space. He inched closer, now hearing voices over the sound of machinery. Then, just as he arrived at the opening, the lights inside went out. Thank you, he thought, adjusting his night vision. Advantage, us. Standing at the threshold, he peered through the opening. What lay beyond was unexpected. The console was less of a cabinet than a raised ceiling over a steep set of stairs that descended into a room below. The agent aimed his weapon down the stairs and began descending. The hum of machinery grew louder with every step. What the hell is this place? The room beneath the reading room was a small, industrial-looking space. The hum he heard was indeed machinery, although he was not sure whether it was running because Bellamy and Langdon had activated it, or because it ran around the clock. Either way, it clearly made no difference. The fugitives had left their telltale heat signatures on the room’s lone exit–a heavy steel door whose keypad showed four clear fingerprints glowing on the numbers. Around the door, slivers of glowing orange shone beneath the doorjamb, indicating that lights were illuminated on the other side. â€Å"Blow the door,† Simkins said. â€Å"This was their escape route.† It took eight seconds to insert and detonate a sheet of Key4. When the smoke cleared, the field- team agents found themselves peering into a strange underground world known here as â€Å"the stacks.† The Library of Congress had miles and miles of bookshelves, most of them underground. The endless rows of shelves looked like some kind of â€Å"infinity† optical illusion created with mirrors. A sign announced TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT Keep this door closed at all times. Simkins pushed through the mangled doors and felt cool air beyond. He couldn’t help but smile. Could this get any easier? Heat signatures in controlled environments showed up like solar flares, and already his goggles revealed a glowing red smear on a banister up ahead, which Bellamy or Langdon had grabbed on to while running past. â€Å"You can run,† he whispered to himself, â€Å"but you can’t hide.† As Simkins and his team advanced into the maze of stacks, he realized the playing field was tipped so heavily in his favor that he would not even need his goggles to track his prey. You read "The Lost Symbol Chapter 58-61" in category "Essay examples" Under normal circumstances, this maze of stacks would have been a respectable hiding place, but the Library of Congress used motion-activated lights to save energy, and the fugitives’ escape route was now lit up like a runway. A narrow strip of illumination stretched into the distance, dodging and weaving as it went. All the men ripped off their goggles. Surging ahead on well-trained legs, the field team followed the trail of lights, zigging and zagging through a seemingly endless labyrinth of books. Soon Simkins began seeing lights flickering on in the darkness up ahead. We’re gaining. He pushed harder, faster, until he heard footsteps and labored breathing ahead. Then he saw a target. â€Å"I’ve got visual!† he yelled. The lanky form of Warren Bellamy was apparently bringing up the rear. The primly dressed African American staggered through the stacks, obviously out of breath. It’s no use, old man. â€Å"Stop right there, Mr. Bellamy!† Simkins yelled. Bellamy kept running, turning sharp corners, weaving through the rows of books. At every turn, the lights kept coming on over his head. As the team drew within twenty yards, they shouted again to stop, but Bellamy ran on. â€Å"Take him down!† Simkins commanded. The agent carrying the team’s nonlethal rifle raised it and fired. The projectile that launched down the aisle and wrapped itself around Bellamy’s legs was nicknamed Silly String, but there was nothing silly about it. A military technology invented at Sandia National Laboratories, this nonlethal â€Å"incapacitant† was a thread of gooey polyurethane that turned rock hard on contact, creating a rigid web of plastic across the back of the fugitive’s knees. The effect on a running target was that of jamming a stick into the spokes of a moving bike. The man’s legs seized midstride, and he pitched forward, crashing to the floor. Bellamy slid another ten feet down a darkened aisle before coming to a stop, the lights above him flickering unceremoniously to life. â€Å"I’ll deal with Bellamy,† Simkins shouted. â€Å"You keep going after Langdon! He must be up ahead some–† The team leader stopped, now seeing that the library stacks ahead of Bellamy were all pitch-black. Obviously, there was no one else running in front of Bellamy. He’s alone? Bellamy was still on his chest, breathing heavily, his legs and ankles all tangled with hardened plastic. The agent walked over and used his foot to roll the old man over onto his back. â€Å"Where is he?!† the agent demanded. Bellamy’s lip was bleeding from the fall. â€Å"Where is who?† Agent Simkins lifted his foot and placed his boot squarely on Bellamy’s pristine silk tie. Then he leaned in, applying some pressure. â€Å"Believe me, Mr. Bellamy, you do not want to play this game with me.† CHAPTER 59 Robert Langdon felt like a corpse. He lay supine, hands folded on his chest, in total darkness, trapped in the most confined of spaces. Although Katherine lay nearby in a similar position near his head, Langdon could not see her. He had his eyes closed to prevent himself from catching even a fleeting glimpse of his frightening predicament. The space around him was small. Very small. Sixty seconds ago, with the double doors of the reading room crashing down, he and Katherine had followed Bellamy into the octagonal console, down a steep set of stairs, and into the unexpected space below. Langdon had realized at once where they were. The heart of the library’s circulation system. Resembling a small airport baggage distribution center, the circulation room had numerous conveyor belts that angled off in different directions. Because the Library of Congress was housed in three separate buildings, books requested in the reading room often had to be transported great distances by a system of conveyors through a web of underground tunnels. Bellamy immediately crossed the room to a steel door, where he inserted his key card, typed a sequence of buttons, and pushed open the door. The space beyond was dark, but as the door opened, a span of motion-sensor lights flickered to life. When Langdon saw what lay beyond, he realized he was looking at something few people ever saw. The Library of Congress stacks. He felt encouraged by Bellamy’s plan. What better place to hide than in a giant labyrinth? Bellamy did not guide them into the stacks, however. Instead, he propped the door open with a book and turned back to face them. â€Å"I had hoped to be able to explain a lot more to you, but we have no time.† He gave Langdon his key card. â€Å"You’ll need this.† â€Å"You’re not coming with us?† Langdon asked. Bellamy shook his head. â€Å"You’ll never make it unless we split up. The most important thing is to keep that pyramid and capstone in safe hands.† Langdon saw no other way out except the stairs back up to the reading room. â€Å"And where are you going?† â€Å"I’ll coax them into the stacks away from you,† Bellamy said. â€Å"It’s all I can do to help you escape.† Before Langdon could ask where he and Katherine were supposed to go, Bellamy was heaving a large crate of books off one of the conveyors. â€Å"Lie on the belt,† Bellamy said. â€Å"Keep your hands in.† Langdon stared. You cannot be serious! The conveyor belt extended a short distance then disappeared into a dark hole in the wall. The opening looked large enough to permit passage of a crate of books, but not much more. Langdon glanced back longingly at the stacks. â€Å"Forget it,† Bellamy said. â€Å"The motion-sensor lights will make it impossible to hide.† â€Å"Thermal signature!† a voice upstairs shouted. â€Å"Flanks converge!† Katherine apparently had heard all she needed to hear. She climbed onto the conveyor belt with her head only a few feet from the opening in the wall. She crossed her hands over her chest like a mummy in a sarcophagus. Langdon stood frozen. â€Å"Robert,† Bellamy urged, â€Å"if you won’t do this for me, do it for Peter.† The voices upstairs sounded closer now. As if in a dream, Langdon moved to the conveyor. He slung his daybag onto the belt and then climbed on, placing his head at Katherine’s feet. The hard rubber conveyor felt cold against his back. He stared at the ceiling and felt like a hospital patient preparing for insertion headfirst into an MRI machine. â€Å"Keep your phone on,† Bellamy said. â€Å"Someone will call soon . . . and offer help. Trust him.† Someone will call? Langdon knew that Bellamy had been trying to reach someone with no luck and had left a message earlier. And only moments ago, as they hurried down the spiral staircase, Bellamy had tried one last time and gotten through, speaking very briefly in hushed tones and then hanging up. â€Å"Follow the conveyor to the end,† Bellamy said. â€Å"And jump off quickly before you circle back. Use my key card to get out.† â€Å"Get out of where?!† Langdon demanded. But Bellamy was already pulling levers. All the different conveyors in the room hummed to life. Langdon felt himself jolt into motion, and the ceiling began moving overhead. God save me. As Langdon approached the opening in the wall, he looked back and saw Warren Bellamy race through the doorway into the stacks, closing the door behind him. An instant later, Langdon slid into the darkness, swallowed up by the library . . . just as a glowing red laser dot came dancing down the stairs. CHAPTER 60 The underpaid female security guard from Preferred Security double-checked the Kalorama Heights address on her call sheet. This is it? The gated driveway before her belonged to one of the neighborhood’s largest and quietest estates, and so it seemed odd that 911 had just received an urgent call about it. As usual with unconfirmed call-ins, 911 had contacted the local alarm company before bothering the police. The guard often thought the alarm company’s motto–â€Å"Your first line of defense†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ could just as easily have been â€Å"False alarms, pranks, lost pets, and complaints from wacky neighbors.† Tonight, as usual, the guard had arrived with no details about the specific concern. Above my pay grade. Her job was simply to show up with her yellow bubble light spinning, assess the property, and report anything unusual. Normally, something innocuous had tripped the house alarm, and she would use her override keys to reset it. This house, however, was silent. No alarm. From the road, everything looked dark and peaceful. The guard buzzed the intercom at the gate, but got no answer. She typed her override code to open the gate and pulled into the driveway. Leaving her engine running and her bubble light spinning, she walked up to the front door and rang the bell. No answer. She saw no lights and no movement. Reluctantly following procedure, she flicked on her flashlight to begin her trek around the house to check the doors and windows for signs of break-in. As she rounded the corner, a black stretch limousine drove past the house, slowing for a moment before continuing on. Rubbernecking neighbors. Bit by bit, she made her way around the house, but saw nothing out of place. The house was bigger than she had imagined, and by the time she reached the backyard, she was shivering from the cold. Obviously there was nobody home. â€Å"Dispatch?† she called in on her radio. â€Å"I’m on the Kalorama Heights call? Owners aren’t home. No signs of trouble. Finished the perimeter check. No indication of an intruder. False alarm.† â€Å"Roger that,† the dispatcher replied. â€Å"Have a good night.† The guard put her radio back on her belt and began retracing her steps, eager to get back to the warmth of her vehicle. As she did so, however, she spotted something she had missed earlier–a tiny speck of bluish light on the back of the house. Puzzled, she walked over to it, now seeing the source–a low transom window, apparently to the home’s basement. The glass of the window had been blacked out, coated on the inside with an opaque paint. Some kind of darkroom maybe? The bluish glow she had seen was emanating through a tiny spot on the window where the black paint had started to peel. She crouched down, trying to peer through, but she couldn’t see much through the tiny opening. She tapped on the glass, wondering if maybe someone was working down there. â€Å"Hello?† she shouted. There was no answer, but as she knocked on the window, the paint chip suddenly detached and fell off, affording her a more complete view. She leaned in, nearly pressing her face to the window as she scanned the basement. Instantly, she wished she hadn’t. What in the name of God?! Transfixed, she remained crouched there for a moment, staring in abject horror at the scene before her. Finally, trembling, the guard groped for the radio on her belt. She never found it. A sizzling pair of Taser prongs slammed into the back of her neck, and a searing pain shot through her body. Her muscles seized, and she pitched forward, unable even to close her eyes before her face hit the cold ground. CHAPTER 61 Tonight was not the first time Warren Bellamy had been blindfolded. Like all of his Masonic brothers, he had worn the ritual â€Å"hoodwink† during his ascent to the upper echelons of Masonry. That, however, had taken place among trusted friends. Tonight was different. These rough- handed men had bound him, placed a bag on his head, and were now marching him through the library stacks. The agents had physically threatened Bellamy and demanded to know the whereabouts of Robert Langdon. Knowing his aging body couldn’t take much punishment, Bellamy had told his lie quickly. â€Å"Langdon never came down here with me!† he had said, gasping for air. â€Å"I told him to go up to the balcony and hide behind the Moses statue, but I don’t know where he is now!† The story apparently had been convincing, because two of the agents had run off in pursuit. Now the remaining two agents were marching him in silence through the stacks. Bellamy’s only solace was in knowing Langdon and Katherine were whisking the pyramid off to safety. Soon Langdon would be contacted by a man who could offer sanctuary. Trust him. The man Bellamy had called knew a great deal about the Masonic Pyramid and the secret it held–the location of a hidden spiral staircase that led down into the earth to the hiding place of potent ancient wisdom buried long ago. Bellamy had finally gotten through to the man as they were escaping the reading room, and he felt confident that his short message would be understood perfectly. Now, as he moved in total darkness, Bellamy pictured the stone pyramid and golden capstone in Langdon’s bag. It has been many years since those two pieces were in the same room. Bellamy would never forget that painful night. The first of many for Peter. Bellamy had been asked to come to the Solomon estate in Potomac for Zachary Solomon’s eighteenth birthday. Zachary, despite being a rebellious child, was a Solomon, which meant tonight, following family tradition, he would receive his inheritance. Bellamy was one of Peter’s dearest friends and a trusted Masonic brother, and therefore was asked to attend as a witness. But it was not only the transference of money that Bellamy had been asked to witness. There was far more than money at stake tonight. Bellamy had arrived early and waited, as requested, in Peter’s private study. The wonderful old room smelled of leather, wood fires, and loose-leaf tea. Warren was seated when Peter led his son, Zachary, into the room. When the scrawny eighteen-year-old saw Bellamy, he frowned. â€Å"What are you doing here?† â€Å"Bearing witness,† Bellamy offered. â€Å"Happy birthday, Zachary.† The boy mumbled and looked away. â€Å"Sit down, Zach,† Peter said. Zachary sat in the solitary chair facing his father’s huge wooden desk. Solomon bolted the study door. Bellamy took a seat off to one side. Solomon addressed Zachary in a serious tone. â€Å"Do you know why you’re here?† â€Å"I think so,† Zachary said. Solomon sighed deeply. â€Å"I know you and I have not seen eye to eye for quite some time, Zach. I’ve done my best to be a good father and to prepare you for this moment.† Zachary said nothing. â€Å"As you know, every Solomon child, upon reaching adulthood, is presented with his or her birthright–a share of the Solomon fortune–which is intended to be a seed . . . a seed for you to nurture, make grow, and use to help nourish mankind.† Solomon walked to a vault in the wall, unlocked it, and removed a large black folder. â€Å"Son, this portfolio contains everything you need to legally transfer your financial inheritance into your own name.† He laid it on the desk. â€Å"The aim is that you use this money to build a life of productivity, prosperity, and philanthropy.† Zachary reached for the folder. â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"Hold on,† his father said, putting his hand on the portfolio. â€Å"There’s something else I need to explain.† Zachary shot his father a contemptuous look and slumped back down. â€Å"There are aspects of the Solomon inheritance of which you are not yet aware.† His father was staring straight into Zachary’s eyes now. â€Å"You are my firstborn, Zachary, which means you are entitled to a choice.† The teenager sat up, looking intrigued. â€Å"It is a choice that may well determine the direction of your future, and so I urge you to ponder it carefully.† â€Å"What choice?† His father took a deep breath. â€Å"It is the choice . . . between wealth or wisdom.† Zachary gave him a blank stare. â€Å"Wealth or wisdom? I don’t get it.† Solomon stood, walking again to the vault, where he pulled out a heavy stone pyramid with Masonic symbols carved into it. Peter heaved the stone onto the desk beside the portfolio. â€Å"This pyramid was created long ago and has been entrusted to our family for generations.† â€Å"A pyramid?† Zachary didn’t look very excited. â€Å"Son, this pyramid is a map . . . a map that reveals the location of one of humankind’s greatest lost treasures. This map was created so that the treasure could one day be rediscovered.† Peter’s voice swelled now with pride. â€Å"And tonight, following tradition, I am able to offer it to you . . . under certain conditions.† Zachary eyed the pyramid suspiciously. â€Å"What’s the treasure?† Bellamy could tell that this coarse question was not what Peter had hoped for. Nonetheless, his demeanor remained steady. â€Å"Zachary, it’s hard to explain without a lot of background. But this treasure . . . in essence . . . is something we call the Ancient Mysteries.† Zachary laughed, apparently thinking his father was joking. Bellamy could see the melancholy growing now in Peter’s eyes. â€Å"This is very difficult for me to describe, Zach. Traditionally, by the time a Solomon is eighteen years of age, he is about to embark on his years of higher education in–â€Å" â€Å"I told you!† Zachary fired back. â€Å"I’m not interested in college!† â€Å"I don’t mean college,† his father said, his voice still calm and quiet. â€Å"I’m talking about the brotherhood of Freemasonry. I’m talking about an education in the enduring mysteries of human science. If you had plans to join me within their ranks, you would be on the verge of receiving the education necessary to understand the importance of your decision tonight.† Zachary rolled his eyes. â€Å"Spare me the Masonic lecture again. I know I’m the first Solomon who doesn’t want to join. But so what? Don’t you get it? I have no interest in playing dress-up with a bunch of old men!† His father was silent for a long time, and Bellamy noticed the fine age lines that had started to appear around Peter’s still-youthful eyes. â€Å"Yes, I get it,† Peter finally said. â€Å"Times are different now. I understand that Masonry probably appears strange to you, or maybe even boring. But I want you to know, that doorway will always be open for you should you change your mind.† â€Å"Don’t hold your breath,† Zach grumbled. â€Å"That’s enough!† Peter snapped, standing up. â€Å"I realize life has been a struggle for you, Zachary, but I am not your only guidepost. There are good men waiting for you, men who will welcome you within the Masonic fold and show you your true potential.† Zachary chuckled and glanced over at Bellamy. â€Å"Is that why you’re here, Mr. Bellamy? So you Masons can gang up on me?† Bellamy said nothing, instead directing a respectful gaze back at Peter Solomon–a reminder to Zachary of who held the power in this room. Zachary turned back to his father. â€Å"Zach,† Peter said, â€Å"we’re getting nowhere . . . so let me just tell you this. Whether or not you comprehend the responsibility being offered to you tonight, it is my family obligation to present it.† He motioned to the pyramid. â€Å"It is a rare privilege to guard this pyramid. I urge you to consider this opportunity for a few days before making your decision.† â€Å"Opportunity?† Zachary said. â€Å"Babysitting a rock?† â€Å"There are great mysteries in this world, Zach,† Peter said with a sigh. â€Å"Secrets that transcend your wildest imagination. This pyramid protects those secrets. And even more important, there will come a time, probably within your lifetime, when this pyramid will at last be deciphered and its secrets unearthed. It will be a moment of great human transformation . . . and you have a chance to play a role in that moment. I want you to consider it very carefully. Wealth is commonplace, but wisdom is rare.† He motioned to the portfolio and then to the pyramid. â€Å"I beg you to remember that wealth without wisdom can often end in disaster.† Zachary looked like he thought his father was insane. â€Å"Whatever you say, Dad, but there’s no way I’m giving up my inheritance for this.† He gestured to the pyramid. Peter folded his hands before him. â€Å"If you choose to accept the responsibility, I will hold your money and the pyramid for you until you have successfully completed your education within the Masons. This will take years, but you will emerge with the maturity to receive both your money and this pyramid. Wealth and wisdom. A potent combination.† Zachary shot up. â€Å"Jesus, Dad! You don’t give up, do you? Can’t you see that I don’t give a damn about the Masons or stone pyramids and ancient mysteries?† He reached down and scooped up the black portfolio, waving it in front of his father’s face. â€Å"This is my birthright! The same birthright of the Solomons who came before me! I can’t believe you’d try to trick me out of my inheritance with lame stories about ancient treasure maps!† He tucked the portfolio under his arm and marched past Bellamy to the study’s patio door. â€Å"Zachary, wait!† His father rushed after him as Zachary stalked out into the night. â€Å"Whatever you do, you can never speak of the pyramid you have seen!† Peter Solomon’s voice cracked. â€Å"Not to anyone! Ever!† But Zachary ignored him, disappearing into the night. Peter Solomon’s gray eyes were filled with pain as he returned to his desk and sat heavily in his leather chair. After a long silence, he looked up at Bellamy and forced a sad smile. â€Å"That went well.† Bellamy sighed, sharing in Solomon’s pain. â€Å"Peter, I don’t mean to sound insensitive . . . but . . . do you trust him?† Solomon stared blankly into space. â€Å"I mean . . .† Bellamy pressed, â€Å"not to say anything about the pyramid?† Solomon’s face was blank. â€Å"I really don’t know what to say, Warren. I’m not sure I even know him anymore.† Bellamy rose and walked slowly back and forth before the large desk. â€Å"Peter, you have followed your family duty, but now, considering what just happened, I think we need to take precautions. I should return the capstone to you so you can find a new home for it. Someone else should watch over it.† â€Å"Why?† Solomon asked. â€Å"If Zachary tells anyone about the pyramid . . . and mentions my being present tonight . . .† â€Å"He knows nothing of the capstone, and he’s too immature to know the pyramid has any significance. We don’t need a new home for it. I’ll keep the pyramid in my vault. And you will keep the capstone wherever you keep it. As we always have.† It was six years later, on Christmas Day, with the family still healing from Zachary’s death, that the enormous man claiming to have killed him in prison broke into the Solomon estate. The intruder had come for the pyramid, but he had taken with him only Isabel Solomon’s life. Days later, Peter summoned Bellamy to his office. He locked the door and took the pyramid out of his vault, setting it on the desk between them. â€Å"I should have listened to you.† Bellamy knew Peter was racked with guilt over this. â€Å"It wouldn’t have mattered.† Solomon drew a tired breath. â€Å"Did you bring the capstone?† Bellamy pulled a small cube-shaped package from his pocket. The faded brown paper was tied with twine and bore a wax seal of Solomon’s ring. Bellamy laid the package on the desk, knowing the two halves of the Masonic Pyramid were closer together tonight than they should be. â€Å"Find someone else to watch this. Don’t tell me who it is.† Solomon nodded. â€Å"And I know where you can hide the pyramid,† Bellamy said. He told Solomon about the Capitol Building subbasement. â€Å"There’s no place in Washington more secure.† Bellamy recalled Solomon liking the idea right away because it felt symbolically apt to hide the pyramid in the symbolic heart of our nation. Typical Solomon, Bellamy had thought. The idealist even in a crisis. Now, ten years later, as Bellamy was being shoved blindly through the Library of Congress, he knew the crisis tonight was far from over. He also now knew whom Solomon had chosen to guard the capstone . . . and he prayed to God that Robert Langdon was up to the job. How to cite The Lost Symbol Chapter 58-61, Essay examples

Concept of Distance in International Management

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Distance in International Management. Answer: Introduction The case study provided for the analysis revealed a lot of information regarding the cultural differences between the Indonesian markets and the markets in Australia and New Zealand. The case study described the irony of the countries to be geographically close to each other and still being miles apart in terms of their cultures, in a clear and effective way. The major intention of the case study was to describe the challenges present in the process of an organization from Australia or New Zealand expanding its operation into the Indonesian markets. This report takes the analysis further by analyzing the cultural difference between the countries, role of women in the target markets and the possible entry strategies of various businesses into the Indonesian markets (Griffin, 2012). Cultural differences The cultural differences between the countries are a significant factor affecting the effectiveness and performance of the organization. This section of the report analyzes the differences between the cultures of Indonesia and Australia. Trompenaars cultural dimensions There are a number of tools and models available to allow the organization to tackle the issue of the differences between the culture of the target market and the home county. Trompenaars cultural dimensions are such a culture model developed by Fons Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, which defines the cultural differences between two countries based on the below dimensions (Raj, 2015). Universalism versus Particularism This dimension defines the differences between the culture of Australia and Indonesia based on the relative importance provided to the rules, obligations, values, standards and laws over personal relations and circumstance. The culture in Australia contains high value of universalism, which allows a set of rules, laws or standards to be applied in any practical scenarios irrespective of the circumstances. But in case of the culture in Indonesia, the value of particularism is high, which allows more values to be provided to the circumstance along with the personal relations than the rules and regulations (Kohler, 2014). Neutral versus emotional This dimension defines the way people behave in the corresponding country according to their inner feelings. Australia is a country with an emotional culture, where people show their inner feelings on their faces, may it be anger, sadness or happiness. Indonesia is a country which is known to have a culture of keeping the inner feelings in a check. So people in the Indonesian culture dont show anger or sadness on their face, but try to maintain a joyful smile on their faces (DellApa, 2014). Specific versus diffuse This dimension defines the way people perceive the connection between work and personal relations. Australia has a specific culture which allows the people to keep their work and personal lives separate. Although good relationships in the workplace are recommended, Australians believe the role of personal relationships arent very high for the achievement of business objectives. Whereas the Indonesian culture provides personal relationship a lot of value in the workplace as well. Achievement versus ascription The Australian culture is more focused on the achievements of an individual to define who he or she is. But in case of the Indonesian culture, the value of ascription weighs more than achievement, where an individual in society or workplace is defined by who he or she is, not on the basis of his or her achievements (McFarlin, 2014). Sequential versus synchronous time This dimension of the culture of a country defines how people in the corresponding country manage time. People in Australian culture prefer to do things sequentially in the scheduled plan, which in turn causes the people to be punctual and time-bound in professional life. But the culture of Indonesia allows the people to be lenient towards the schedule and timeline (Chhokar, 2013). Internal direction versus outer direction The internal direction culture allows the people to be more confident on their capabilities to change their nature and environment to achieve their goals, which is commonly the belief of the Australians. But in case of the Indonesian culture, people are directed outward and believe that they have to compromise with their surrounding and environment to survive in the world (Ferraro, 2015). GLOBE leadership style The GLOBE project for the leadership styles defines a number of dimensions, which can describe the leadership style generally implemented in various geographical locations or clusters. Performance orientation Generally, the leadership in Australian culture focuses on the performance of the individuals. But in case of the Indonesian culture, the leadership is more lenient towards performance of the individuals and put more values in the personal relationships. Assertiveness orientation The leadership practices in Australia are more confrontational and aggressive in terms of showing the emotions in the workplace. But in case of the Indonesian culture, the leadership in the workplace is more oriented towards assertive behavior, which allows leaders to avoid confrontation and conflicts (Dahles, 2013). Future orientation The Australian work culture is much more future oriented in comparison to the work culture of Indonesia. The leaders in Australian workplaces put a lot of effort and resources into planning and developing strategies along with delaying the sense of satisfaction. But in case of Indonesian work culture, the leaders put more value to early gratification with lenient mentality towards planning and strategizing (Tietze, 2013). Human orientation The work culture in Australian is oriented more towards the business objectives and professional goals than the human relationships. The aim to achieve the professional goals are given much more values to the development of personal relationships in Australian work culture. But in case of Indonesian work culture, the value of human relations are much more than achievements and business objectives (Chhokar, 2013). Gender egalitarianism The presence of gender equality is higher in the Australian work culture in comparison to the Indonesian work culture. Women take equal positions and roles in various Australian workplaces and there is virtually to inequalities between different genders in the Australian markets. The Indonesian work culture has grown a lot in the past few decades to decrease the gender inequalities. Currently the educated women in the urban regions take equal rights in the workplaces across various countries (Ambos, 2014). Australian beef industry exporting to Indonesia The Australian beef industry can expand its operations into the Indonesian markets by exporting livestock to the corresponding markets. This section of the report focuses on the entry strategies for the corresponding industry for the Indonesian markets along with the possible challenges for the same. Entry strategy The entry strategy of the Australian beef industry should focus on the quality, delivery time and costs of the livestock exported into the Indonesia. The Australian beef industry should put extra effort to market the high quality of the livestock being exported into Indonesia. An Indonesian law enforces the import of the livestock only from the countries having the disease-free status from the World Organization for Animal Health. Australia currently holds the corresponding status and can market the same to increase the value of the livestock being exported to Indonesia. Another factor to be focused in the entry strategy of the Australian beef industry is the delivery time of the livestock. The livestock can be delivered to the Indonesian markets within hours and days, instead of weeks required by other exporters. This should be marketed by the Australian beef industry to attract more customers. The Australian beef industry can ensure that the costs for the livestock to be exported t o the Indonesian markets are fair enough to attract more number of orders. The competitive pricing strategy of the Australian beef industry will allow significant increase of the livestock export to the Indonesian markets due to the optimum balance of price and high quality of the products being exported (Kahn, 2014). Challenges There are a number of challenges for the expansion of the Australian beef industry into the Indonesian markets, some of which are mentioned in this section of the report. Recent changes to the Indonesian law restricting import of various livestock from the countries having different areas with the diseased animals, allows the Indonesian markets to import the animals from disease-free zones of a country not having the disease-free status for the entire country. This in turn allows a number of competitors of the Australian beef industry, like India to be introduced in the mix, which in turn increase the competition for achieving the organizational objectives (Gleeson, 2012). The low costs of the livestock from other countries like India is another challenge for the Australian beef industry expanding into the Indonesian markets. The livestock being exported from Australia are generally priced higher due to the high quality, which in turn allows the Indonesian markets to find other cheaper options (Sun, 2012). The differences in the culture of Australia and Indonesia is another challenge for the expansion of the Australian beef industry into the Indonesian markets. The cultural differences between the two countries affect the business communications and operations negatively, which could lead to the failure of the expansion of the Australian beef industry (Kitley, 2014). These challenges can be managed by the Australian beef industry in an efficient manner by proper analysis and monitoring, which in turn leads to the effective expansion of the industry into the Indonesian markets. Role of women This section of the report focuses on the role of women in the Indonesian societies and their effects on the international human resource management of the organizations expanding to the Indonesian markets. Role of women in the Indonesian societies Indonesia is a country which has recently developed a lot in the recent decades in terms of women empowerment. The gender differences in the educational system has gone down a lot in the urban Indonesian regions and have decreased quite in the other regions of the country. The presence of women in the workplace of various industries has also gone up both in terms of the numbers and the equality in the rights, responsibilities and positions. More than 85% of the tertiary-educated women in the urban Indonesian regions have work as their primary activity. The work culture in the country has changed significantly to consider the women of the country to be reliable for bestowing the business responsibilities. The average age of marriage in the urban Indonesian regions has also gone up, which suggests the changes in the preference of the women to work instead of getting married at an early age. This in turn allows the women to have high aspirations and objectives in their professional live s. This allows the women in the workplaces of various industries in Indonesia to be more motivated to achieve their aims and objectives. The gender gap in the tertiary education system in the country has also decreased significantly in the recent past, which has led to the increase of the gender equality in the service industry. Women are not considered to only be inside the homes anymore and the lifestyle of having two earnings in a household is getting more demand in the current societies across the country (Ball, 2012). Effects on Australian companies IHRM The international human resource management process of an organization can be defined as the set of business processes which ensure optimal usage and effective management of the human resources available to the organization in the international locations. The Australian organizations planning to expand their business into Indonesian markets should analyze various effects on the international human resource management process before the business expansion (Koning, 2013). One of the factors that can potentially affect the international human resource management process of the Australian organizations in the Indonesian markets is the presence of female employees in the workplace and the role of women in the Indonesian societies (Harris, 2012). As mentioned earlier, Indonesian societies have developed a significant amount in terms of women empowerment in the last few decades. This in turn has allowed a revolution of women empowerment and engagement to be started across the urban locations of the country. Women have started getting equal rights, positions and responsibilities in the workplaces and educational systems. This in turn has allowed the women in the societies across the country to have more opportunities to achieve their goals and objectives. But a number of rural or less developed regions across the regions havent seen a lot of changes in terms of women empowerment. This in turn affects the international human resource management processes of the Australian organizations in Indonesia, who employs women in various positions in the workplace. Some of these changes or effects on the IHRM processes are mentioned in this section of the report (Nasir, 2016). The Australian organizations should ensure to have specific business guidelines to support the women empowerment revolution going in the country. So the management of the organization should give close monitoring and high amount of effort into ensuring the presence of gender inequalities in the workplace. The Australian organizations operating in the Indonesian markets should also ensure to provide attractive employment options to the women present in the corresponding societies to achieve both their organization objectives and corporate social responsibilities (Riany, 2016). The IHRM processes should also ensure the presence of stricter grievance and complaints facilities available for any kind of discrimination done to the female employees in the workplace based on gender. This allows the management of the Australian organizations to enforce gender inequalities in their workplaces in Indonesia (Munandar, 2014). 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